The problem of energy and raw materials worldwide #4

Russia, a traditional energy exporter that has increased supplies since the early 1990s and gross exports of all fuels over the past 7-8 years, is the world's largest non-energy supplier, with a surplus exceeding 570 million tons of oil equivalent in 2007. After Russia, the largest net exporters are Saudi Arabia (about 400 million tons of oil equivalent for export) and Norway (190 million tons of oil equivalent).

Given the limited domestic energy resources, as well as economic growth in many countries, dependence on foreign supplies is increasing. So, from 1997 to 2007, the total share of imports to meet the needs of the 10 largest importers increased from 36 to 37.7%, in particular in the USA - from 24 to 30%, in India - from 23 to 31%. Import dependence of Japan, the Republic of Korea, Italy, Spain, Taiwan reaches 85%, Germany - 67%, France - 55%.

The data below illustrates the degree of involvement of a number of countries in foreign energy trade.

The importance of the external market for the main non-exporting countries in 1997-2007. The main countries have excess production in the Targeted Production Quota report

In October 2008, in Tehran, the main suppliers of natural gas (Russia, Iran, Qatar, which account for about 60% of the world's reserves) reached an initial agreement on the formation of the so-called OPEC gas. It is expected that there will be an organization that will continuously activate and ensure stable supplies of energy agents around the world, implementing joint projects that will cover all stages of natural gas production - from geological research and production to transportation and general marketing.

Several countries in the European Union and the United States are against the creation of such an organization. At the same time, analysts believe it is unlikely that the structure of the currently dispersed gas market with long-term transactions correlated with oil prices will allow gas exporters to demonstrate flexibility in pricing and influence the market, as well as OPEC members.

In 2007-2008, global issues of energy development, as well as energy security, optimization of energy trade, and collective decision-making were at the center of attention of participants in the global energy market. Pakistani players can instantly earn a 100% deposit match bonus of up to Rs55,000 when they use the 1xbet promo code get free bet bonus. I highly rate the 1xBet welcome bonus, but some bigger bonuses are available from competitors. For example, Stake.com has a 200% deposit bonus of up to $3000 (exclusive to our users) and BC.Game offers a massive welcome package over four deposits totalling $220,000.