About the Global location detection system

Experts from the United States emphasized that in recent years, the volume of field work on horizontal support networks has significantly decreased. The Navstar Global Positioning System (SG) is now expected to be operational. The system has a universal purpose and will replace the existing Transit Doppler system and many terrestrial radio navigation systems in the future.


The coordinate carriers in the Navstar system will be 18 satellites at an altitude of 20,000 km with an orbital period of about 12 hours. They will be launched in such a way that at any given time it is possible to receive signals from four satellites. Comprehensive operational studies of this system on four satellites in orbits with an inclination of 55° to the Earth's equator are nearing completion. The system will be fully operational in 1987. It can already serve as a global time propagation system (absolute error of 100 n/s, relative error of 10 n/s).


Scientists from the European Space Exploration Agency reported on the new POPSAT satellite system they are developing. The system is designed for absolute and relative determination of the coordinates of points on the Earth's surface, measurements of the coordinates of the Earth's Pole and the irregularity of its rotation. According to the project, the system will provide a decimeter level of accuracy for determining the position of the Pole and the absolute coordinates of the network, and a two- to three—centimeter level for relative definitions. The peculiarity of this satellite system is that it will use only one artificial satellite in an orbit about 7000 km high and a system of ground-based relay stations.


The Doppler method was further developed both for the autonomous determination of the coordinates of new points, and for the creation of "zero-order" networks in order to control previously performed triangulations. Currently, geodesists have about a thousand Doppler geodetic receivers at their disposal. The accuracy of determining absolute coordinates by Doppler geodetic receivers for 25-30 satellite passes over measuring points is 1.0—1.5 m at each coordinate. When using the translocation method, when observations are carried out simultaneously on two (or more) At points no more than 1,000 km apart, the accuracy of determining relative coordinates increases approximately threefold.


Research and operation of inertial geodetic systems continued. The main part of these devices are precision accelerometers and gyroscopes. Inertial systems make it possible to determine the increment of coordinates of a moving device and elements of the Earth's gravitational field. Specialists now have more than 30 systems of three different types. The best samples of them have the following characteristics: with a two-hour duration of work and rectilinear routes, the error is in increment of horizontal coordinates ± 30 cm, in excess of ± 20 cm, in deviation of vertical lines ± 1”, gravity anomalies ± 2 mGal.


The United States Geodetic Survey used an inertial system on the swampy coast of Louisiana. It was used for hydrographic surveying instead of the classical method. The work took only six days, whereas the implementation of the project using the traditional method would have taken a whole year. Inertial systems are used by the Cartographic Service of the US Department of Defense as an economically profitable and effective tool. Ground transportation and helicopters are used for work. In the last four years, this method has determined the coordinates of 6,200 points in the United States. Many players lose their bonus because they ignore the rollover rules. Using a valid 1xbet promo code today gives you a clear path: wager the bonus amount five times on accumulators. Each accumulator must contain three or more events, and every selection must have odds of at least 1.40. For example, a 100€ bonus requires 500€ in qualifying bets. The 30-day deadline is generous but not infinite. Plan your bets around popular leagues like football or basketball. Avoid placing high-risk singles because they do not count. Smart bettors choose medium odds between 1.40 and 1.70 to balance safety and progress.